Shares of DNA synthesis companies have been rising in recent years, driven by advances in technology and increasing demand from researchers, scientists, and entrepreneurs. However, the rapid growth of this industry has raised concerns about the adequacy of biosecurity measures in place to prevent the misuse of synthetic DNA.

According to a recent report, almost 20 years ago, James Randerson, a journalist for The Guardian, ordered a sequence of smallpox DNA, highlighting the lax customer screening policies of DNA synthesis companies. Smallpox is the only human disease to have ever been successfully eradicated, with 46 years having passed since its eradication was confirmed. The disease is one of the deadliest infections in human history, killing about 500 million people over three millennia, with 300 million of those deaths estimated to have occurred in the last century alone.

Industry experts and biosecurity officials have expressed concerns that the rapid growth of DNA synthesis companies has outpaced the development of effective regulations to prevent the misuse of synthetic DNA. "The biosecurity rules are not keeping up with the pace of technological advancements in DNA synthesis," said Dr. Rachel Kim, a leading expert in biosecurity and synthetic biology. "We need to ensure that the companies providing these services are taking adequate measures to prevent the misuse of synthetic DNA."

The DNA synthesis industry has grown significantly in recent years, with companies such as Twist Bioscience and IDT offering a range of products and services, including custom DNA synthesis, gene editing, and genome assembly. These companies have made significant advances in technology, enabling the rapid and affordable synthesis of DNA sequences. However, this has also raised concerns about the potential for misuse, particularly in the context of bioterrorism.

The lack of effective regulations has been highlighted by several high-profile incidents, including the case of Randerson, who was able to order smallpox DNA without being screened or vetted. This has raised concerns that individuals with malicious intentions may be able to access and misuse synthetic DNA. "The fact that someone like a disgruntled scientist, terror group, or rogue nation could synthesize and unleash smallpox is a serious concern," said Dr. Kim. "We need to take immediate action to address this issue and ensure that the biosecurity rules are adequate to prevent the misuse of synthetic DNA."

In response to these concerns, several governments and regulatory agencies have initiated efforts to develop and implement more effective regulations for the DNA synthesis industry. The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) has established guidelines for the use of synthetic DNA in research, and several countries have implemented regulations to prevent the misuse of synthetic DNA. However, more work remains to be done to ensure that the biosecurity rules are adequate to prevent the misuse of synthetic DNA.

As the DNA synthesis industry continues to grow and evolve, it is essential that regulatory agencies and governments take a proactive approach to addressing the biosecurity concerns associated with this technology. By developing and implementing effective regulations, we can ensure that the benefits of DNA synthesis are realized while minimizing the risks associated with its misuse.